ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Pan-immune-inflammation value as an independent prognostic marker in patients with brain metastases.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value as a Novel Predictor of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Treated with Primary PCI for STEMI.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Neutrophil Counts, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Pan-Immunoinflammatory Score, Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Brain Tumors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation are recognized as key determinants of cancer progression and survival. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), a hematologic-based composite biomarker, may reflect the host's immune-inflammatory status. Its prognostic significance in brain metastases (BM), however, remains undefined. Methods: In a single-center retrospective cohort, 3,856 consecutive patients with radiologically confirmed BM diagnosed between 2013 and 2021 were included. PIV was calculated as neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count, divided by lymphocyte count. All blood cell counts were recorded in units of 10^9 cells per liter. Complete blood counts were taken within 7 days before the start of treatment. The optimal PIV cut-off, derived using maximally selected log-rank statistics, defined low and high PIV groups. OS was analyzed using multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, performance status, number of BM and extracranial metastases. A PIV-augmented GPA nomogram was developed and internally validated with bootstrap resampling. Time-dependent concordance indices, calibration and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to assess model performance. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses examined robustness across systemic and local treatment modalities, primary tumor types, sex and alternative PIV parameterizations. Results: The PIV cut-off separated 1,570 patients with low PIV and 2,286 with high PIV. High PIV was associated with worse OS and remained independently prognostic (hazard ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 1.29-1.52; p < 0.001), with consistent effects across treatment modalities, primary tumor types and sex. Alternative cut-offs and modeling PIV as a continuous variable (per 1-standard-deviation increase) produced effect estimates similar to the primary analysis. Adding PIV to the GPA modestly improved discrimination and increased IDI by 0.010 (95% confidence interval 0.006-0.015; p < 0.001); the PIV+GPA nomogram showed good 1-year calibration. Conclusions: PIV is an independent prognostic factor for OS in BM patients. Incorporating this marker into the Graded Prognostic Assessment modestly improves risk stratification and supports an accessible nomogram for individualized survival prediction. External prospective validation, including longitudinal assessment of the pan-immune-inflammation value and integration with molecular and imaging markers, is needed before routine clinical implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.