Evidence mapPaperPMID 41569021Full record

Observational studyTranslational vision science & technology2026

One-Year Progression of Capillary Nonperfusion in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Noninvasive Imaging: The CHART Study.

Inês Pereira Marques, Débora Reste-Ferreira, Torcato Santos, Luís Mendes, Ana Cláudia Rocha, Francesco Bandello, Mariacristina Parravano, Leonardo Mastropasqua, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Sérgio Leal and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04636307 (Characterization of Retinal Disease Progression in Eyes With Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04636307 completednot on this map

Characterization of Retinal Disease Progression in Eyes With Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in Diabetes Type 2 Using Non-invasive Procedures (CHART)

TypeobservationalSponsorAssociation for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and ImageRan2021 to 2025Enrolled202ConditionsNPDR - Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Retinal DiseaseArmsBiomarkers
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Inês Pereira MarquesAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
Débora Reste-FerreiraAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
Torcato SantosAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
Luís MendesAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
Ana Cláudia RochaAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
Francesco BandelloDepartment of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Mariacristina ParravanoIRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
Leonardo MastropasquaExcellence Eye Research Centre, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
Catherine Creuzot-GarcherDepartment of Ophthalmology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.
Sérgio LealBayer AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Fabio BaschieraBayer AG, Basel, Switzerland.
José Cunha-VazAIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the 1-year progression of retinal capillary nonperfusion in eyes with mild to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) using noninvasive retinal imaging. Methods: The CHART study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04636307) is a multicenter, observational, longitudinal study involving five European research centers and included 202 eyes from 155 participants with type 2 diabetes and mild to severe NPDR. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months, including best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] severity scale), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA). Disease progression was evaluated using mixed-effects models. Results: Of the 202 eyes, 81 eyes were graded as ETDRS level 35, 63 eyes as level 43, 46 eyes as level 47, and 12 eyes as level 53. At baseline, significant differences were observed in OCTA metrics between diabetic retinopathy severity groups. A total of 169 eyes (84%) completed the 1-year follow-up. Over 1 year, eyes with ETDRS levels 35 and 43 showed significant increases in capillary nonperfusion, identified by decreases in skeletonized vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (rates of progression: β = -0.217 mm-1/y, P = 0.006 and β = -0.310 mm-1/y, P = 0.002, respectively). Eyes with level 47 showed only a borderline statistically significant decrease (P = 0.074), while eyes with level 53 remained stable. Microaneurysm turnover (MAT), formation, and disappearance rates increased in more severe NPDR stages (levels 47 and 53). Conclusions: Retinal capillary nonperfusion progresses significantly over 1 year in mild to moderate NPDR, identified by changes in rates of progression of vessel and perfusion densities. In more severe stages (levels 47 and 53), capillary nonperfusion stabilizes, and a hyperperfusion response is identified by increases in MAT associated with the development of intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. Translational Relevance: This study provides quantitative data on 1-year progression of retinal capillary nonperfusion in NPDR using noninvasive imaging, offering the basis for future interventional trials.

Indexed as

CapillariesDiabetic RetinopathyRetinal VesselsAdultAgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Disease ProgressionFemaleFluorescein AngiographyHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedTomography, Optical CoherenceVisual Acuity

Identifiers

PMID41569021
PMCPMC12849825

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.