Evidence mapPaperPMID 41569446Full record

ReviewPituitary2026

Gender differences in the glycometabolic and cardiovascular features of acromegaly.

Federico Gatto, Anna Arecco, Dario De Alcubierre, Massimiliano De Simone, Roberto Gentiluomo, Valeria Lanzi, Francesca Paglia, Stefano Frara, Francesco Ferraù, Annamaria Colao and 1 more

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Pituitary, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Changing understanding of acromegaly epidemiology and early mortality risk.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Federico Gatto *Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy. federico.gatto@unige.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-9208
Anna Arecco *Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-3982
Dario De AlcubierreDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5242-1761
Massimiliano De SimoneDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
Roberto GentiluomoUniversity of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Valeria LanziEndocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6078-2410
Francesca PagliaDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5842-1324
Stefano FraraDepartment of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-5598
Francesco FerraùDepartment of Human Pathology G. Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-6598
Annamaria ColaoEndocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-2559
Renata Simona AuriemmaDipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-3419

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGender medicine focuses on disease differences between females and males regarding symptoms, treatment, prognosis, psychosocial effects and prevention. Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) production, in the vast majority of cases due to the presence of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Chronic GH elevation leads to increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), resulting in tissue overgrowth and a number of comorbidities. Among these, patients with acromegaly can experience various issues of the cardiovascular and metabolic system, including glucose metabolism unbalance, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and cardiomyopathy. AIM AND

methodsThis narrative review discusses the impact of gender differences on glycometabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with acromegaly. We performed a detailed literature search, gathering scientific articles on this topic, including original research studies, case reports, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, guidelines, and consensus papers published in English from 1989 to early 2025.

resultsA diagnostic delay between females and males is reported, together with a gender-related impact of the disease on body composition, lipid and glucose metabolism; gender differences in the development and progression of acromegaly cardiomyopathy are also described. In detail, females with acromegaly exhibit greater insulin resistance, increased adiposity, and higher risk of developing overt diabetes mellitus compared to males, along with milder cardiac abnormalities, despite experiencing higher cardiovascular mortality.

conclusionGender differences in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities of acromegaly need to be considered. Future studies should clarify the biological bases of these differences, to optimize treatment protocols and monitoring for our patients.

Indexed as

AcromegalyCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor IMaleSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsInsulin-Like Growth Factor IArterial hypertensionCardiomyopathyCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusGender medicineHyperglycaemia

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.