Evidence mapPaperPMID 41572176Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

Time for contrast to pass through the myocardium and its association with angina severity in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease.

Rozen Grigorov, Stefan Yambolov, Svetoslav Georgiev, Ivaylo Borisov, Daniel Tsvetkov

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Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rozen GrigorovInterventional Cardiology Clinic, St. Marina University Hospital, 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., Varna, 9010, Bulgaria. rozengrigorov96@abv.bg.
Stefan YambolovInterventional Cardiology Clinic, St. Marina University Hospital, 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., Varna, 9010, Bulgaria.
Svetoslav GeorgievInterventional Cardiology Clinic, St. Marina University Hospital, 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., Varna, 9010, Bulgaria.
Ivaylo BorisovInterventional Cardiology Clinic, St. Marina University Hospital, 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., Varna, 9010, Bulgaria.
Daniel TsvetkovInterventional Cardiology Clinic, St. Marina University Hospital, 1 Hristo Smirnenski Blvd., Varna, 9010, Bulgaria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA substantial number of patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary disease (ANOCA) remain symptomatic despite the absence of flow-limiting lesions, and accumulating evidence suggests an increased risk of adverse outcomes and healthcare utilization. This study aimed to evaluate a simple angiographic index that may reflect myocardial perfusion and correlate with symptom burden in patients with ANOCA.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 102 patients with angina and angiographically confirmed non-obstructive coronary artery disease. All patients underwent coronary angiography using a standardized, automated contrast injection protocol. The time for contrast to pass from the left coronary ostium to the coronary sinus (TCPM) was measured fluoroscopically and indexed to myocardial mass, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, resulting in the indexed Time for Contrast to Pass through the Myocardium (iTCPM). Symptom severity was assessed using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Correlations and between-group analyses were performed.

resultsThe mean iTCPM was 4.97 ± 1.02 s. iTCPM showed a positive correlation with CCS class (Spearman’s ρ = 0.443, p < 0.00001). iTCPM was inversely correlated with key SAQ scale results including angina frequency (ρ = − 0.460), physical limitation (ρ = − 0.317), and disease perception (ρ = − 0.206). Patients with slower iTCPM demonstrated significantly higher symptom burden.

conclusionThe iTCPM offers a simple, quantitative angiographic index that is associated with symptom burden in patients with ANOCA and may reflect altered myocardial contrast transit. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Angina PectorisContrast MediaCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary CirculationCoronary VesselsMyocardial Perfusion ImagingAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsSeverity of Illness IndexSymptom BurdenContrast MediaANOCACoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD)Coronary physiologyFluoroscopic contrast transitNon-obstructive CAD

Identifiers

PMID41572176
PMCPMC12910868

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.