ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
The excess body fat is a potential mediator between consumption of ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk in normal-weight Brazilian children.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background/objective: Studies indicate an association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and cardiometabolic risk; however, this relationship is still unclear in normal-weight children, and it is not yet known whether the Normal-Weight Obesity (NWO) phenotype may be a mediator between this relationship. We aimed to evaluate the mediating role of the NWO phenotype in the association of UPF consumption with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 242 normal-weight children aged 8 to 9 y in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed as a latent variable using the following indicators: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and waist circumference (WC). Three 24-h dietary recalls were performed to evaluate NOVA classification groups. The NWO phenotype was defined as normal-weight according to body mass index and high body fat assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A structural equation model was used to test direct and indirect associations. Results: We found a direct association of UPF consumption [SC (standardized coefficient): -0.193, Conclusion: Our findings indicate the potential influence of excess body fat on the pathway between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic risk in children with adequate BMI/age.
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