ArticleAllergy2026
Postbiotics and Nicotinamide Utilize Distinct Mechanisms to Improve Skin Barrier Integrity, Inflammation, and Keratinocyte Differentiation.
Article in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oral Postbiotic (VMK223) Supplementation Is Associated with Improved Instrumental Skin Appearance Parameters in Healthy Women Aged 40-55 Years: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Effect of Pediococcus Lactis and Postbiotics on Gut Health and Intestinal Metabolic Profiles.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Exploring the probiotic landscape in understanding postbiotics from indigenous bacteria isolated from the stool samples of a tribal population at Mulluvadi village, Tamil Nadu, India.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The modulation of immune responses and tissue regeneration by postbiotics is a rapidly advancing area in skin care. Here, we show that whole-cell postbiotics derived from Bifidobacterium breve, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius, along with nicotinamide (NAM), enhance keratinocyte growth, differentiation, and skin epithelial barrier integrity in ex vivo human skin, as determined by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), multiomics, and machine learning. B. breve promoted keratinocyte differentiation and suppressed inflammatory pathways, while L. reuteri and L. salivarius primarily reduced inflammatory pathways. Although NAM downregulated keratinocyte differentiation, it exerted anti-inflammatory effects. Machine learning analyses linked EIS changes to certain genes, highlighting strain-specific mechanisms. In addition, B. breve, L. reuteri, and NAM mitigated a common skin cleanser-induced skin epithelial damage, further supporting their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, integrating skin barrier measurements with omics and machine learning enabled the dissection of essential anti-inflammatory and keratinocyte differentiation mechanisms and genes of a strengthened skin barrier.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.