Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41574776›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Neuroinflammation demonstrated by

Mahathi Kandimalla, Seokbeen Lim, David N Jacobson, Jeyeon Lee, Paul H Min, Marin E Nycklemoe, Seung Baek Lee, Emily S Lundt, Hugo Botha, Jonathan Graff-Radford and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Neuroinflammation demonstrated byAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Mahathi KandimallaDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-0090
Seokbeen LimDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
David N JacobsonDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Jeyeon LeeDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Paul H MinDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Marin E NycklemoeDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Seung Baek LeeDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Emily S LundtDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Hugo BothaDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Jonathan Graff-RadfordDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
David T JonesDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Petrice M CogswellDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Prashanthi VemuriDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Kejal KantarciDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
David S KnopmanDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Clifford R JackDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Ronald C PetersenDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Val J LoweDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5612-1667

Funding

Technology and Remote Assessment CoreU19AG063911 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Bradley F Boeve · 2019 to 2026
$120.9M
SUPPLEMENT TO ALZHEIMERS DISEASE PATIENT REGISTRYU01AG006786 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI GRAFF-RADFORD, JONATHAN, JACK, CLIFFORD R. · 1986 to 2023
$49.6M
THE PGRN/TDP-43 AXIS IN ALZHEIMER?S DISEASE AND NEURODEGENERATIONP50AG016574 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI PETERSEN, RONALD C · 1999 to 2018
$36.9M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062677 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KEJAL KANTARCI · 2019 to 2026
$33.5M
Longitudinal Imaging Biomarkers of Prodromal DLBU01NS100620 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Bradley F Boeve, KEJAL KANTARCI · 2017 to 2026
$19.2M
Rochester Epidemiology ProjectR01AG034676 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI ROCCA, WALTER A, ST SAUVER, JENNIFER LYNN · 2010 to 2019
$9.5M
Investigating Resistance and Resilience Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG056366 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI PRASHANTHI VEMURI · 2017 to 2026
$7.0M
Disease pathways in the population determined by amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration imaging biomarkersR37AG011378 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI CLIFFORD R. JACK · 2018 to 2026
$6.8M
Validating the New Criteria for Preclinical Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG041851 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI JACK, CLIFFORD R., KNOPMAN, DAVID S · 2012 to 2021
$6.3M
Protecting the Confidentiality of Participants in Studies of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by Replacing Face Imagery in MRIR01AG068206 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI SCHWARZ, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE · 2021 to 2024
$3.2M
Development, Validation, and Application of an Imaging based CVD ScaleR01NS097495 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI VEMURI, PRASHANTHI · 2016 to 2020
$2.9M
Tau PET/CT for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease PathologyR01AG073282 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI LOWE, VAL JOHN, MURRAY, MELISSA ERIN · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation P30 AG62677Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research FoundationKorean government (MSIT) RS-2023-00226494NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062677NIA NIH HHS P50 AG016574NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034676NIA NIH HHS R01 AG041851NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056366NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068206NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073282NIA NIH HHS R37 AG011378NIA NIH HHS U01 AG006786NIA NIH HHS U19 AG063911NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS097495NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS100620Research Fund of Hanyang University HY-202400000003953the Alexander Family Alzheimer's Disease Research Professorship of the Mayo Clinicthe Elsie and Marvin Dekelboum Family Foundationthe GHR Foundationthe Liston Award Family Foundationthe Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Researchthe Robert H. and Clarice Smith and Abigail van Buren Alzheimer's Disease Research Program, the Schuler Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUnderstanding neuroinflammation across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum is essential to elucidate disease mechanisms and individualize therapy.

methodsHuman microglial translocator protein (TSPO) expression under inflammatory stimuli was assessed by immunoblot experiments. Ninety-six participants were enrolled across four groups: cognitively unimpaired amyloid (CU A) + and -, mild cognitive impaired (MCI) A+, and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) A+. Neuroinflammation using

resultsTSPO was upregulated in human microglia under AD-like inflammatory conditions. Neuroinflammation, defined by PET TSPO, increased in CU A+ participants and became more widespread with increasing disease severity, aligning with worsening amyloid and tau pathology. Associations with tau were particularly extensive in temporal and parietal regions. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest probable amyloid association with early microglial activation, while tau pathology is closely tied to wider distribution of neuroinflammation. HIGHLIGHTS: TSPO expression increases in human microglia under AD-like inflammation.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBrainCognitive DysfunctionNeuroinflammatory DiseasesPositron-Emission Tomographytau ProteinsAgedAged, 80 and overCarbon RadioisotopesFemaleHumansMaleMicrogliaReceptors, GABAAmyloid beta-PeptidesCarbon RadioisotopesReceptors, GABAtau ProteinsTSPO protein, human¹¹C‐ER176Alzheimer's diseaseamyloid betacognitively unimpairedmicrogliamicroglial activationmild cognitive impairmentneurodegenerationneuroimmune modulationneuroinflammationtau pathologytranslocator protein positron emission tomography (TSPO PET) imaging

Identifiers

PMID41574776
PMCPMC12828788

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.