ArticlePLoS genetics2026
Shared latent genetic liability across fibromyalgia and psychiatric traits: Novel insights from genomic structural equation modeling.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFibromyalgia, insomnia, depression, and anxiety share common clinical comorbidities, but their underlying genetic architecture and mechanism remain unclear.
methodsWe conducted phenotype-specific Genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for fibromyalgia, insomnia, depression, and anxiety, respectively. Genomic structural equation modeling was employed to identify a shared genetic factor (mvFibroPsych). Lead SNPs and associated genes were annotated using Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA), followed by gene-set and tissue enrichment analyses. The Latent Causal Variable (LCV) method was utilized to identify modifiable risk factors and phenotypes influenced by mvFibroPsych. Additionally, brain-wide and proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to explore brain regions and biomarkers associated with mvFibroPsych. Multi-layer molecular quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were conducted for mechanistic insights into mvFibroPsych.
resultsStrong genetic correlations were observed among the four phenotypes (rg = 0.55-0.84), with excellent model fit for the common factor [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.999, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.015]. The mvFibroPsych GWAS identified 49 lead SNPs across 43 loci, including 32 novel loci. Gene prioritization revealed 342 protein-coding genes, and pathway analysis indicated enrichment in synaptic function pathway. LCV identified 133 phenotypes causally linked to mvFibroPsych. Brain-wide MR found fractional anisotropy in the splenium of the corpus callosum to be inversely associated with mvFibroPsych. Proteome-wide MR identified five proteins significantly associated with mvFibroPsych, while multi-layer brain QTL analysis prioritized CD40 as a potential target.
conclusionsThis study provides strong evidence for a shared genetic factor underlying fibromyalgia, insomnia, depression, and anxiety, linked to synaptic function, brain structure integrity, and neuroinflammatory pathways.
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