ArticleJMIR research protocols2026
Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation of Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06703684 (TCM Syndrome Differentiation of Type 2 Diabetes Comorbid With Metabolic Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TCM Syndrome Differentiation of Type 2 Diabetes Comorbid With Metabolic Syndrome
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome patterns and associated factors in adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a data-driven analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to rise, with these conditions significantly increasing risks of cardiovascular disease, disability, and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation, a cornerstone of TCM practice, guides diagnosis and treatment by identifying patterns of disharmony. However, large-scale studies investigating TCM syndrome patterns in T2DM comorbid with MetS remain scarce.
objectiveThis cross-sectional study aims to characterize TCM syndrome profiles in a population diagnosed with T2DM and MetS and evaluate their diagnostic relevance.
methodsThis cross-sectional study will enroll a cohort of 470 participants diagnosed with T2DM and MetS. All participants will undergo comprehensive assessments, including the Syndrome Differentiation Questionnaire for T2DM and MetS, demographic and anthropometric measurements, biochemical profiling (eg, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid panel), dietary measurement (Food Frequency Questionnaire), physical activity measurement (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form), sleep quality evaluation (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), quality-of-life assessment (Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life), stroke risk estimation (Framingham Stroke Risk Score), and retinal imaging. Latent class analysis will be used to identify the TCM syndrome patterns. Factor analysis will be employed to identify core TCM syndrome factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis will be performed to classify TCM syndrome elements, and logistic regression will examine associations between syndrome differentiation, metabolic parameters, lifestyle factors, and disease progression.
resultsThis trial was registered on November 17, 2024. Participant recruitment for this study was initiated in November 2024. As of October 2025, more than 450 eligible participants have been enrolled and have completed data collection. Recruitment is scheduled to conclude on December 31, 2025.
conclusionsAs the first large-scale clinical study to systematically characterize TCM syndrome differentiation in T2DM-MetS comorbidity, this research will establish syndrome profiles associated with metabolic parameters, lifestyle factors, and disease progression. The findings are expected to provide a framework for integrating TCM syndrome differentiation into chronic disease management, ultimately contributing to personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes in integrative medicine.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06703684; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06703684. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/86217.
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