Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41577331›Full record

Observational studyOphthalmology. Retina2026

OCT Risk Factors for Progression to Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Amish Eye Study.

Yu-Chien Chung, Mai Alhelaly, Muneeswar G Nittala, Swetha B Velaga, Ye He, Jonathan L Haines, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Dwight Stambolian, SriniVas R Sadda

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yu-Chien ChungDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Mai AlhelalyDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Muneeswar G NittalaDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California.
Swetha B VelagaDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California.
Ye HeDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Jonathan L HainesDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Margaret A Pericak-VanceJohn P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Dwight StambolianDepartment of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
SriniVas R SaddaDoheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: ssadda@doheny.org.

Funding

Genetic Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Older Order AmishR01EY023164 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PERICAK-VANCE, MARGARET A., STAMBOLIAN, DWIGHT EDWARD · 2013 to 2017
$6.2M
Epidemiology of Biomarkers of AMD ProgressionR01EY030614 · NEI · DOHENY EYE INSTITUTE · PI Jonathan L Haines, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance · 2021 to 2026
$3.0M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY023164NEI NIH HHS R01 EY030614
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo characterize the prevalence of some critical OCT biomarkers-including cuticular drusen and acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs)-and to identify their relative risk for progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over 2 years in subjects with early or intermediate AMD in the Amish Eye Study.

designProspective, observational, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

participantsThis study included 276 eyes from 171 subjects with early or intermediate AMD at baseline who completed the 2-year follow-up.

methodsBaseline OCT scans were evaluated for the presence of cuticular drusen, AVLs, subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), high drusen volume (defined as ≥0.2 mm

main outcome measuresIncidence of late AMD (geographic atrophy or macular neovascularization) at 2 years as determined by multimodal imaging (OCT, color fundus photography, and confocal fundus autofluorescence).

resultsBy 2 years of follow-up, 26 eyes (10.7%) progressed to late AMD. The most prevalent baseline features in this cohort, in descending order, were cuticular drusen (52.3%), IHRF (17.3%), hDC (16.0%), thin DLS (11.9%), SDD (8.2%), iRORA (7.8%), AVL (7.0%), and high drusen volume (2.5%). The mean SFCT was 243.23 ± 75.45 μm. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of thick DLS, iRORA, AVL, SDD, IHRF, hDC, and SFCT was associated with an increased risk of progression. In multivariate regression, only the presence of iRORA (odds ratio [OR], 29.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.86-127.84; P < 0.001) and AVL (OR, 15.90; 95% CI, 3.24-78.00; P < 0.001) remained significant, whereas the presence of IHRF showed borderline significance (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.00-22.16; P = 0.050).

conclusionsIn this cohort, the presence of iRORA and AVL was independently associated with progression to late AMD over 2 years. Although cuticular drusen were highly prevalent, their presence, as assessed in this study, was not significantly associated with an increased risk of progression to late AMD. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Indexed as

Macular DegenerationRetinal Pigment EpitheliumTomography, Optical CoherenceAgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleFluorescein AngiographyFollow-Up StudiesFundus OculiHumansIncidenceMaleProspective StudiesRetinal DrusenRisk FactorsAcquired vitelliform lesionsAge-related macular degenerationAmish Eye StudyCuticular drusenIncomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retina atrophy

Identifiers

PMID41577331
PMCPMC13498985

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.