ArticleNature communications2026
Spatial heterogeneity and subtypes of functional connectivity development in youth.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Individualized Developmental Imbalance in Youth and Its Association with Psychopathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and subtypes of functional connectivity development in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development of areal-level individualized homologous functional parcellations in youth.Communications biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain age prediction has been widely utilized to assess functional connectivity (FC) development, but conventional global brain age indices are limited in capturing spatial heterogeneity across the cortex. This study introduces a regional brain development index to characterize fine-grained FC maturation across cortical regions. We examined its spatial variability and stratified individuals into subtypes with distinct region-wise FC developmental patterns. Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (ages 8-23 years), we identified three distinct subtypes and found that individuals with advanced FC developmental pattern aligning with the sensorimotor-association axis exhibited superior cognitive performance. Robustness was confirmed through replication in the Human Connectome Project Development cohort. Further analyses revealed associations between FC development and gene expression linked to neural differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelination. These findings suggest that spatial heterogeneity in FC development reflects cortical microstructure and hierarchical organization, underscoring its critical role in neurocognitive maturation during youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.