Evidence mapPaperPMID 41578245Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Unmasking the contemporary burden of hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria: insights from an opportunistic screening.

Casmir E Amadi, Olagoke K Ale, Ugochi C Okorafor, Micah N Okwah, Precious O Akanbi, Amam C Mbakwem, Jayne N Ajuluchukwu

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Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Casmir E AmadiDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. camadi@unilag.edu.ng.
Olagoke K AleDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Ugochi C OkoraforAcute Speciality Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
Micah N OkwahDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Precious O AkanbiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Amam C MbakwemDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Jayne N AjuluchukwuDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for global morbidity and mortality, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Nigeria, prevalence and control rates remain poor, yet contemporary city-level data are limited.

objectivesTo determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults screened during a community-based blood pressure screening campaign in Lagos, Nigeria, in 2023.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional opportunistic screening of adults aged ≥18 years across hospitals, pharmacies, workplaces, and public spaces in Lagos, Nigeria. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and lifestyle factors were obtained using a study proforma adapted from the WHO STEPS questionnaire as relevant to our study proforma. Blood pressure (BP) was measured three times with an OMRON M7 Intelli IT device; the mean of the readings defined BP status. Hypertension was classified as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of blood pressure status.

resultsA total of 1,547 individuals were screened (median age 47 years, IQR 38–57; 51.2% female). Overall hypertension prevalence was 52.5%, comprising 34.7% previously diagnosed and 17.8% newly detected cases. Among hypertensives, 39.9% reported treatment use, and 60.2% of those on medication achieved BP control. Awareness of hypertension was low (34.7%), with significant age and sex disparities: prevalence increased with age, and men were more frequently affected than women (p=0.015). Logistic regression identified age, male sex, higher BMI, low education, and prior diagnosis as significant predictors of elevated BP.

conclusionsOpportunistic community-based screening in 2023 revealed a high burden of undiagnosed hypertension and suboptimal awareness in Lagos, Nigeria. These findings underscore the need for sustained mass screening, improved access to affordable antihypertensive therapy, and health system strategies to close the care cascade gap. These findings provide novel, contemporary evidence of hypertension burden and care gaps in Lagos, Nigeria, complementing national estimates and offering insights relevant to urban health strategies in low- and middle-income countries.

Indexed as

HypertensionMass ScreeningAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaPrevalenceAwarenessControlHypertensionNigeriaOpportunistic screeningTreatment

Identifiers

PMID41578245
PMCPMC12911154

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