Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41578334›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026

COVID-19 multi-omics reveal organ-specific responses and biomarkers.

Xian Ding, Qiuhan Lu, Ting Hu, Yi Zhang, Rui Zhao, Haolong Liu, Sicheng Huang, Yuwen Wu, Zhaohui Tong, Guozhi Jiang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xian Ding *Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0059-2284
Qiuhan Lu *School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
Ting Hu *Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
Yi Zhang *Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
Rui ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
Haolong LiuDepartment of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
Sicheng HuangSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
Yuwen WuSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
Zhaohui TongDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China. tongzhaohuicy@sina.com.
Guozhi JiangSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China. jianggzh5@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Zhuoling AnDepartment of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China. anzhuoling@163.com.

Funding

Chongqing Municipal Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFC2301305Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province 2023YFC0872500
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePost-COVID-19 syndrome is characterised by persistent immune dysfunction and multi-organ sequelae. This study aimed to characterise the systemic blood molecular landscape induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify prognostic markers linked to skeletal muscle mass loss, a key driver of poor outcomes.

methodsWe enrolled 30 healthy controls and 307 COVID-19 patients, collecting 422 plasma samples for integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling to investigate organ-specific molecular alterations in COVID-19.

resultsWe comprehensively mapped the molecular landscape of COVID-19, encompassing immune, tissue-specific, and metabolic perturbations, and delineated their interactions. Focusing on organ-damage-related molecular patterns associated with disease progression and mortality, we found that skeletal muscle mass loss contributed to poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (p < 0.0001). Dysregulated arginine metabolism emerged as a key metabolic signature in fatal COVID-19 cases, with GLUL, GOT1, and citrulline showing significant correlation with skeletal muscle mass loss. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that reduced citrulline levels underlie the poor outcome of COVID-19 patients with muscle mass loss. These findings were robustly supported through multiple approaches: Mendelian randomization confirmed causal relationships between citrulline depletion, sarcopenia/fat-free mass loss, and COVID-19 mortality (p < 0.05), transcriptomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2-infected golden hamsters (GSE231910) provided additional support in enrichment of arginine biosynthesis (FDR < 0.05), and in vitro experiments further demonstrated that citrulline depletion promotes pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarisation — a key immunological feature of critical COVID-19. Leveraging these insights, we developed a skeletal muscle loss-specific prognostic prediction model for COVID-19 using GLUL, GOT1, and citrulline. This model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups (p = 0.035).

conclusionOur study advances the understanding of COVID-19-induced organ pathophysiology and provides a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for post-COVID sequelae.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCOVID-19AnimalsArginineCase-Control StudiesCitrullineFemaleHumansMaleMetabolomicsMiddle AgedMultiomicsMuscle, SkeletalOrgan SpecificityPrognosisProteomicsArginineBiomarkersCitrullineBiomarkersCOVID-19Multi-omicsOrganSkeletal muscle loss

Identifiers

PMID41578334
PMCPMC12910882

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.