ArticleNutrition journal2026
China precision nutrition and health: knowledge, attitude, and practice real-world study (CPNAS): a cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum vitamin A and homocysteine levels in rural middle-aged and elderly populations in China.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHomocysteine levels are closely associated with overall health. An elevation in homocysteine can lead to a variety of health issues and is influenced by vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid. However, the dose-response relationship between homocysteine and vitamin A remains unclear among the middle-aged and elderly population in rural China.
objectiveThis study investigates the dose-response relationship and threshold effect between serum homocysteine and vitamin A levels in vivo. Utilizing large-scale data from middle-aged and elderly individuals in China, it also evaluates these relationships across gender and age subgroups, providing a scientific basis for preventing and treating hyperhomocysteinemia in this population.
methodsTo examine the dose-response relationship between vitamin A and homocysteine, we used multiple linear regression, multinomial logistic regression, generalized additive models, and restricted cubic splines. This analysis involved 28,860 middle-aged to elderly participants from rural China.
resultThe distribution of vitamin A and homocysteine levels is similar across different genders and age groups. However, homocysteine levels are elevated in men and individuals over the age of 65. A U-shaped dose-response relationship exists between these two variables, independent of gender or age. In China, the vitamin A levels among middle-aged and elderly populations are categorized into quintiles. As the concentration of vitamin A increases, the β coefficient exhibits a trend that initially decreases before subsequently increasing.The serum levels of both vitamin A and homocysteine across various genders and age groups demonstrate a U-shaped relationship. Specifically, as serum vitamin A levels rise, homocysteine levels first decline before rising again. This U-shaped nonlinear association between vitamin A and homocysteine was also identified within the high-homocysteine group. Restricted spline analysis revealed that with increasing serum vitamin A concentrations, the odds ratio (OR) for hyperhomocysteinemia initially decreased before increasing.Notably, when serum vitamin A concentration reaches 0.514 µg/ml, the OR for hyperhomocysteinemia exceeds 1.
conclusionThis study found a U-shaped relationship between serum vitamin A and homocysteine levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Proper vitamin A levels may help reduce homocysteine in those with hyperhomocysteinemia. The research provides a scientific basis for understanding this correlation and supports precise prevention and management of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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