Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41578892›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery2026

Introducing personalized patient care in overactive bladder management using the MedRing OAB system for intravaginal oxybutynin administration.

S I Peltenburg, I Koopmans, O Heerema-Snoep, E S Klaassen, M J Juachon, A Otten, N B Klarenbeek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

S I PeltenburgCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
I KoopmansCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
O Heerema-SnoepProduct Usability Department, LiGalli BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
E S KlaassenCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
M J JuachonCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
A OttenCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
N B KlarenbeekCenter for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although numerous drugs have been developed for intravaginal administration, the implementation of personalized intravaginal treatment options is limited. The MedRing overactive bladder (OAB) system is a medical device for intravaginal oxybutynin administration via patient-controlled schedules. The primary aim was to assess the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of intravaginal oxybutynin administration via the MedRing OAB system. Second, the functioning of the MedRing OAB system, user satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Female OAB patients were included to receive the MedRing OAB system. Treatment was divided into three periods with increasing dosing flexibility: 2 mg at three fixed timepoints daily, 2 mg at three patient-defined timepoints daily, and flexible dosing up to 6 mg/day of 1 or 2 mg doses. Feasibility, tolerability, satisfaction, and QoL were assessed via questionnaires, safety via treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), device deficiencies (DDs) and physical examination and functioning via pharmacokinetics and MedRing logs. Thirteen patients were enrolled, of whom three patients discontinued the study prematurely. Most patients reported low user burden, found the system practical and expressed positive opinions. The TEAEs were consistent with known oxybutynin effects and local TEAEs were comparable to other intravaginal devices. Most DDs were synchronization difficulties, which improved after a software update. After 10 minutes, oxybutynin levels were detected in 12 of the 13 patients. This study showed that the MedRing OAB system appears to be a feasible, tolerable and safe alternative intravaginal oxybutynin administration for 28 days in OAB patients, offering a potential alternative to existing treatment options and introducing personalized patient care.

Indexed as

Mandelic AcidsMuscarinic AntagonistsUrinary Bladder, OveractiveAdministration, IntravaginalAdultAgedFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionPrecision MedicineQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesMandelic AcidsMuscarinic Antagonistsoxybutyninbluetoothdrug delivery deviceFemTechintravaginalMedRingOABOveractive bladderoxybutyninpersonalized caresmartphone operated

Identifiers

PMID41578892
PMCPMC12833890

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.