SynthesisCancer2026
Event-free survival and complete response rate as surrogate endpoints for overall survival in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of bacillus Calmette-Guérin-naive or -remote cases.
Synthesis in Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Surrogacy of intermediate clinical endpoints for overall survival in BCG-naïve high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.World journal of urology · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvent-free survival (EFS) and complete response rate (CRR) are recommended as primary endpoints in bladder cancer trials to enable timely assessment of therapeutic benefit. However, their surrogacy relationship with overall survival (OS) in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR NMIBC) remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated EFS and CRR as surrogate endpoints for OS in bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-naive or -remote HR NMIBC.
methodsA systematic literature review identified trials enrolling BCG-naive or -remote HR NMIBC patients and reporting EFS, CRR, and OS. Weighted linear regression models estimated trial-level associations between the hazard ratio (HR) for EFS and HR for OS, odds ratio for CRR and HR for OS, and arm-level association between median EFS and median OS. Strength of association was quantified using the correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R
resultsTen eligible trials were identified for surrogacy analyses of EFS and CRR. Strong correlations were observed between EFS and OS at the trial level (R = 0.85; R
conclusionIn BCG-naive or -remote HR NMIBC, EFS shows strong correlation with OS at the trial and arm levels, supporting its potential as a surrogate endpoint. Further validation incorporating additional trials across varied therapeutic modalities is warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.