Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41579172›Full record

ReviewNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026

Decoding the tumor immune landscape: emerging TIL subsets as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Rahaman Shaik, Sai Abhistika Royyala, Bhanu Inapanuri, Syeda Fatima Sarwar, Shaheen Mahira, Shaik Azeeza

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In one paragraph

Review in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rahaman ShaikDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India. shaikrahaman_sch@jamiahamdard.ac.in.
Sai Abhistika RoyyalaDepartment of Pharmacology, St. Pauls College of Pharmacy, Dist. Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, 501510, Telangana State, India.
Bhanu InapanuriDepartment of Pharmacology, St. Pauls College of Pharmacy, Dist. Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, 501510, Telangana State, India.
Syeda Fatima SarwarDepartment of Pharmacology, St. Pauls College of Pharmacy, Dist. Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, 501510, Telangana State, India.
Shaheen MahiraDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Shaik AzeezaResearch & Development Department, KVB Asta Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a pivotal role in cancer immunity, with CD3 + T cells and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells historically regarded as key prognostic markers. Other TIL subsets are CD4 + T helper cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells), and non-traditional T cell populations like γδ T cells and innate-like T cells. These subsets have diverse roles which influence the disease duration and immunotherapy mechanism, from immune evasion to tumor suppression. TRM cells which are recognized by the expression of CD103 and CD69 are linked with better survival and enhance tumor management, while Tregs function mainly in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, γδ T cells have strong anti-cancer activity. Developments in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have improved the understanding of TIL heterogeneity and their functional states, enhancing their prognostic and therapeutic significance. Understanding how different expanded TIL subgroups impact treatment response helps to recognize new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review investigates functions of TIL populations beyond the traditional markers like CD3 and CD8 across different cancers while concentrating on predictive outcomes in immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingNeoplasmsAnimalsHumansImmunotherapyPrognosisTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, TumorCD3CD4CD8PrognosisTumor infiltrating lymphocytes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.