ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2026
From Classical to Emerging Biomarkers of Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors. An Evidence-Based Review with a Focus on Gliomas.
Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- IL1B-Expressing Exhausted CD4Cancer genomics & proteomicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliomas, including astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas, represent the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors in adults and a significant burden in pediatric neuro-oncology. Despite being traditionally diagnosed according to histopathological features, the classification of gliomas has evolved significantly with the integration of molecular biomarkers, now essential components of the World Health Organization Central Nervous System 5 (WHO CNS5) classification. This review synthesizes key established and emerging molecular markers that define glioma subtypes and impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions. Core biomarkers include IDH1/2 mutations, which are hallmarks of lower-grade gliomas and confer improved prognosis; 1p/19q codeletion, pathognomonic for oligodendrogliomas; and TERT promoter mutations, often associated with poor outcomes. Additional markers such as TP53, ATRX, and H3K27M mutations provide crucial subtype and grade-specific information, particularly in astrocytic and diffuse midline gliomas. Novel alterations, including BRAF V600E, EGFRvIII, and MET, NTRK, or ALK gene fusions, are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic relevance in targeted treatment approaches. Epigenetic profiling, including DNA methylation signatures, has further refined glioma taxonomy and classification. Emerging markers such as MYCN/MYC amplifications, PIK3CA/PTEN pathway alterations, and ZFTA::RELA fusions, although more prominent in other CNS tumors, may offer insights into tumor biology or therapeutic resistance in gliomas. This review provides an updated evidence-based overview of classical and novel biomarkers, highlighting their biological roles and clinical implications, and guiding future directions for precision neuro-oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.