Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41579392›Full record

ArticleDigestion2026

Identification of LGR5 and TFF2 as Biomarkers in High-Risk Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: From Multi-Omics Mining to Clinical Validation.

Qingqing Zhang, Di Wu, Fengyun Guo, Shengnan Yang, Lijing Bao, Ruiying Zhang, Ping Wang

RetractedAbstract readRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Digestion, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qingqing ZhangInstitute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Di WuFirst Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Fengyun GuoInstitute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shengnan YangGraduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Lijing BaoInstitute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ruiying ZhangGraduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Ping WangInstitute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, celia_1224@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHigh-risk chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG; OLGA/OLGIM Ⅲ-Ⅳ) carries significant gastric cancer (GC) risk yet lacks reliable gastric stem cell (GSC)-based biomarkers. We evaluated GSC markers LGR5 (proliferative) and TFF2 (protective) for risk stratification.

methodsTCGA/GEO bioinformatics analysis preceded immunohistochemical validation in 60 clinical samples. Protein co-expression (Wnt/β-catenin, Ki67, Bax) was assessed. Diagnostic/prognostic power was tested via ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Functional networks were deciphered through GO/KEGG enrichment.

resultsHigh-risk CAG and GC tissues showed LGR5 upregulation and TFF2 downregulation (p < 0.001). IHC confirmed these patterns, with concurrent Wnt activation (β-catenin↑, cyclin D1↑) and proliferation-apoptosis imbalance (Ki67↑, Bax↓). TFF2 outperformed LGR5 in diagnosing high-risk CAG (AUC: 0.842 vs. 0.681). Poor GC prognosis correlated with high LGR5/low TFF2 (p < 0.05). Co-expression networks linked LGR5 to metabolic genes (CPS1, ADH6) and TFF2 to mucosal defense (GKN1, PGC).

conclusionThe coordinated assessment of LGR5 and TFF2 offers a promising approach to identifying high-risk CAG. This biomarker pair captures a homeostatic imbalance in GSCs linked to Wnt/β-catenin signaling, establishing a novel molecular framework for early detection and future targeted strategies.

Indexed as

Chronic atrophic gastritisGastric cancerRisk predictionStem cell markersWnt/β-catenin pathway

Identifiers

PMID41579392
PMCPMC13421305

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.