SynthesisBMC nephrology2026
Medication adherence tools and measures in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Self-Management Intentions and Behaviors Among CKD Patients at Predialysis and Dialysis Stages: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Protection Motivation Theory.Nursing research and practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is no gold standard for assessment of medication adherence. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to identify validated medication adherence measurement tools and methods used in clinical practice and research settings in the context of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to synthesize key features of the identified medication adherence tools.
methodsWe systematically reviewed MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL (via EBSCO) from inception to September 25, 2025. All abstracts were screened by pairs of reviewers independently, followed by a full-text review identifying the tool/method used for measuring medication adherence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. General study and medication adherence method/tool-specific characteristics were summarized. The quality criteria for measurement properties were applied across the included studies to synthesize and assess the strength of the evidence.
resultsThe 43 included articles originated from 25 countries. The most common measures used for evaluating medication adherence were the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (n = 11 [25.6%]), Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) (n = 10 [23.3%]), Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) (n = 8 [18.6%]), and Medication Events Monitoring System (MEMS) (n = 6 [14.0%]). Five (15.6%) studies used multiple methods to measure medication adherence.
conclusionNo accepted reference tool is available to measure CKD patients' medication adherence. Some tools, however, were used more frequently in the context of patients with CKD. Choosing an appropriate method/tool or a combination of methods depends on the clinician/researcher's goals, study setting, availability of data and other resources, and patients' characteristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.