Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41584078›Full record

ReviewBioactive materials2026

Monocyte/macrophage-mediated trained immunity in disease prevention and immunotherapy.

Xiao Zhang, Xinlian Wang, Miaomiao Xu, Jing Yuan, Ying Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiao ZhangCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
Xinlian WangCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
Miaomiao XuCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
Jing YuanDepartment of Pathology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
Ying LiuCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trained immunity refers to a functional reprogramming of the innate immune system that enhances its ability to respond to secondary stimuli. Monocytes and macrophages are central effectors of innate immunity with broad therapeutic relevance. Their capacity to acquire trained immunity enhances host defense and shapes immune homeostasis through epigenetic, metabolic, and functional changes. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focus on molecular mechanisms or vaccine-induced training, this review emphasizes the distinct roles of monocyte/macrophage-mediated trained immunity, originating from both central and peripheral sources. We further discuss how nanomaterials can be harnessed to precisely modulate this process, offering new opportunities for infection control, tumor immunotherapy, and the regulation of chronic inflammatory diseases. This dual-perspective framework provides a foundation for translating trained immunity into targeted clinical interventions.

Indexed as

Innate immune memoryMacrophageMonocyteNanomaterialsTrained immunity

Identifiers

PMID41584078
PMCPMC12828528

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.