Evidence mapPaperPMID 41584106Full record

ArticleToxicology reports2026

Azilsartan as a novel anti-ferriptotic agent via the upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis and downregulation of inflammatory pathways in folic acid-induced acute kidney injury in male mice.

Elaf Mahmood Shihab, Saba Naseer Abbas, Saja Majeed Shareef, Rana Jawad Hasan, Khulood Majid Alsaraf, Hayder Adnan Fawzi

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Article in Toxicology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Elaf Mahmood ShihabDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Saba Naseer AbbasDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Saja Majeed ShareefDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Rana Jawad HasanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Khulood Majid AlsarafDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Hayder Adnan FawziDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustafa University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Azilsartan, a unique angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) with an oxo-oxadiazole ring, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its role in ferroptosis-mediated AKI remains unexplored. This study investigates whether azilsartan protects against FA-induced AKI in male mice by attenuating ferroptosis, modulating iron metabolism, and suppressing inflammatory signaling. Methods: 42 male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized into six groups: control, FA-induced AKI, three azilsartan doses (1, 3, 5 mg/kg), and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) as a positive control. Azilsartan or Fer-1 was administered for 7 days before FA injection (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and continued for 3 days post-induction. Renal function (serum urea, creatinine), ferroptosis markers (GPX4, MDA, Nrf2, SLC7A11, HO-1), iron-handling proteins (ferritin, TfR1), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NF-κB p65), and histopathology were assessed. Results: FA-AKI caused marked renal dysfunction, elevated KIM-1, lipid peroxidation, depletion of GPX4, downregulation of Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7A11 and TfR1, reduction of transferrin levels, and inflammatory activation. Azilsartan improved renal function and histology in a dose-dependent manner, restored GPX4, reduced MDA, upregulated Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7A11 and TfR1, increased ferritin levels, and suppressed TNF-α/NF-κB. High-dose azilsartan achieved effects comparable to those of Fer-1. Conclusion: Azilsartan confers potent protection against FA-induced AKI by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, reducing lipid peroxidation, normalizing iron metabolism, and attenuating inflammation. These findings support azilsartan's potential as a repurposed therapy for ferroptosis-driven renal injury.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryAzilsartanFerroptosisIron MetabolismOxidative Stress

Identifiers

PMID41584106
PMCPMC12828837

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.