ArticleActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B2026
Oral administration of probiotic colony-like micro-nano system for immunoregulation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- In-situ RhoA editing via heparinylated LNP-microsphere system for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Postbiotics and phage synergy in precision oral microbiome engineering: systems biology strategies targetingFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that requires long-term pharmacological management. Melittin, a peptide derived from bee venom, has shown promising therapeutic efficacy for RA by modulating immune balance. Given the critical role of the gut in immune regulation, oral administration of melittin could have significant clinical implications. However, this approach faces substantial challenges, including degradation by gastric fluids and off-target adverse effects, which compromise its efficacy and safety. To address these limitations, we developed an innovative orally administered, gut-targeted micro-nano system (SPM/AlgL) inspired by bacterial colonies. Herein, gas-shearing microfluidics is leveraged to monodisperse sialic acid-decorated peptide nanomedicines within calcium alginate microgels. These microspheres are then coated with probiotic biofilms, leveraging their acid resistance and intestinal adhesion properties. The biofilm coating effectively protects melittin from gastric degradation and enhances its accumulation in the mesenteric lymph nodes, thereby improving its targeting ability to inflammatory sites and reducing adverse effects. By modulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissues, this system successfully alleviates immune responses and efficiently mitigates the progression of arthritis. Overall, this oral therapeutic strategy demonstrates significant potential for advancing the immunotherapy of RA and other systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.