The Effect of Culture Medium Obtained from Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Conditioned Medium) on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (KYSE-30).

Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents over 90% of all head and neck cancers, and nearly 40% of patients fail treatment. Therefore, discussion of cancer treatment is essential. In this in vitro study, we examined how conditioned medium from dental pulp stem cells (DPSC-CM) influences the ESCC cell line (KYSE-30). Materials and Methods: First, the middle pulp tissue of the wisdom tooth was extracted and, following sterilization, transferred to a cell culture flask containing MEM-α. After completing the culture procedures, conditioned medium (CM) was collected from the fourth passage culture after 72 hours in serum-free medium. The KYSE-30 cells were then treated with the CM for an additional 72 hours, and cell survival was assessed using the MTT assay. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: The results demonstrated that treatment of esophageal cancer cells with conditioned medium (CM) significantly reduced the survival rate of cancer cells compared to control samples. The treatment of KYSE-30 cells with DPSC-CM led to a notable reduction in cell viability (CM group: 51.2 ± 4.1% vs. control group: 72.6 ± 3.3%; P = 0.004). Conclusion: DPSC-CM demonstrates the ability to reduce the proliferation of cancer cells; therefore, this medium can be considered a potential drug (therapeutic) candidate for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, further studies are required to confirm these results.