ArticleHygiene and environmental health advances2025
Exposure to Cadmium and Cerebrovascular Mortality in the United States.
Article in Hygiene and environmental health advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Nitrogen Fertilizer Formulations Modulate the Yield-Cadmium Trade-Off in Rice Through Rhizosphere Processes and Translocation Nodes.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Cerebrovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in the U.S., and emerging evidence suggests that environmental toxicants such as cadmium may contribute to cerebrovascular risk. This study investigates the association between cadmium exposure and cerebrovascular mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: We analyzed data from adults aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016 cycles, with mortality follow-up through 2019. Blood cadmium was measured in 23,455 participants, and urinary cadmium was measured in 8,929 participants. Cerebrovascular deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations between cadmium concentrations and cerebrovascular mortality. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 10.2 years, 247 cerebrovascular deaths were observed. Each interquartile range increase in blood cadmium (0.40 μg/L) was associated with a 23% higher risk of cerebrovascular mortality (HR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.46). Urinary cadmium was also associated with higher cerebrovascular mortality, although marginally significant (HR=1.36 per doubling, 95% CI: 0.99-1.87). Associations appeared stronger among former and current smokers, though interaction terms were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Cadmium exposure is associated with increased cerebrovascular mortality in the U.S. population. These findings support cadmium as a modifiable environmental risk factor and underscore the need for public health interventions to reduce exposure through tobacco control, dietary regulations, and environmental policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.