ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Risk factors and clinical implications of thyroxine replacement therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is widely used to treat hypothyroidism, but there is limited research on its effects in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Some studies indicate that this therapy might improve lipid profiles in DM patients, but even with normalized TSH levels from thyroxine replacement, LDL and total cholesterol levels remain higher than in people with normal thyroid function. Additionally, the effect of this therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in DM patients is still uncertain. Aim: This retrospective study investigated the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in participants receiving thyroxine with diabetes and compared the risk factors between the MACE and non-MACE groups. Methods: We used longitudinal claims data from 2008 to 2017 from the Chang Gung Research Database. Individuals with diabetes who used thyroxine were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACE. The secondary outcomes were the differences between the two groups (MACE vs. no MACE). Results: After 1:1 group matching by propensity score between MACE and non-MACE groups by sex, age, and interval of using thyroxine, there were 416 patients in each group. Patients with worse renal function (eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m Conclusions: In participants receiving thyroxine with diabetes, patients with worse renal function, hypertension, history of diabetic microvascular complications, ESRD, CHD, heart failure, CVA, and diabetic foot infection had a higher risk of experiencing MACE, but peripheral artery disease (PAD) was not a significant risk of MACE.
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