ArticleCommunications biology2026
Oseltamivir and baloxavir monotherapy and combination therapy efficacy against clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus infection in ferrets.
Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Updated A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus ferret infection model permits refined antiviral assessment using aerosol inhalation challenge.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Navigating the Future of Respiratory Infections: Key Insights From International Congress in Singapore, 17-20 September 2025.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (CENIs) represent two classes of antiviral drugs recommended for early treatment of patients with seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) infections. However, only limited human data, particularly on combination antiviral treatment, are available to inform optimal dosing regimens against novel IAVs, including highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, associated with severe disease. Clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses have caused outbreaks in avian and mammalian species worldwide, highlighting the need to assess antiviral drug efficacy against these strains. We challenged ferrets with a D1.1 genotype A(H5N1) virus and treated infected animals with the NAI oseltamivir phosphate (OST) and the CENI baloxavir acid (BXA), alone or in combination, with treatment onset commencing pre- or post-symptom onset (24- or 48-hours post-inoculation (p.i.), respectively). When administered pre- or post-illness onset, BXA, but not OST, monotherapy provided significant reduction of clinical signs and significantly decreased infectious viral levels (in both respiratory and extrapulmonary specimens) compared with mock-treated animals. Combination OST/BXA treatment, when administered pre- or post-symptom onset, resulted in significant improvements in both metrics versus OST monotherapy. These data support continued investigation of antiviral treatment modalities that include both NAI and CENI for patients with mild and severe A(H5N1) disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.