Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588265›Full record

ArticleHealth economics review2026

Paying for hospital care in seven central and Eastern European countries - a comparative analysis.

Katarzyna Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Krisztina Davidovics, Antoniya Dimova, Triin Habicht, Pavel Hroboň, Laszlo Imre, Kaija Kasekamp, Mincho Minev, Liubove Murauskienė, Martin Smatana and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health economics review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Katarzyna Dubas-JakóbczykInstitute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8 St, Krakow, 31-531 , Poland. katarzyna.dubas@uj.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-2868
Krisztina DavidovicsHealth Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6081-3028
Antoniya DimovaDepartment of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-5629
Triin HabichtWorld Health Organization Barcelona Office for Health Systems Financing, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-5135
Pavel HroboňAdvance HealthcareManagement Institute, Prague, Czechia.
Laszlo ImreHealth Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8308-7119
Kaija KasekampInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-7707
Mincho MinevDepartment of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-9445
Liubove MurauskienėDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius , Lithuania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-8843
Martin SmatanaDepartment of Nursing and Health Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Gyoergy RethaziFreelance Health Industry Consultant, Budapest, Hungary.
Angelika SzalayovaInstitute of Health Analyses - Centre for Classification System of DRG, Ministry of Health, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Artur SzetelaInstitute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8 St, Krakow, 31-531 , Poland.
Lenka ŠlegerováInstitute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-7384
Roman Topór-MądryInterdisciplinary Health Data Centre, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-6760

Funding

Jagiellonian University Medical College N43/GBS/000001World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe systems for paying health care providers consist of a complex set of arrangements, including payment methods and supporting elements. A diversity of payment methods exists, and for each of them the administrative process of setting prices (tariffs) plays a pivotal role. It defines the exact amount of money that a purchaser pays a health care provider for delivering a given service, unit of activity, or specific outcome. This study aimed to provide a structured comparison of the systems for setting prices for hospital care services in the public health insurance systems of seven Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia), as well as identify major challenges.

methodsThe methods involved three consecutive steps: (1) a conceptual framework and data collection form were developed based on existing literature; (2) national experts identified through purposive, snow-ball sampling were asked to complete the data collection form; and (3) a comparative analysis was performed.

resultsAll analysed CEE countries use mixed payment methods, with a dominant role of diagnose-related groups, in paying for hospital care provision. The price-setting process follows similar general steps: collecting costing data; calculating tariff weights; setting the price by using a dedicated base rate; conducting negotiations with providers; and applying price adjustments. However, the scope and details of each element may vary significantly between the countries. In Hungary and Bulgaria, there is no structured costs data collection process (historical weights are adjusted). The analysed countries face similar challenges in building effective price-setting systems: (1) incomplete and/or low quality hospital cost data, (2) insufficient institutional capacity; (3) methodological challenges of the costing model; and (4) barriers driven by the overall health system context. These challenges can lead to both under- and over-pricing of hospital services and generate system-level inefficiencies.

conclusionsThere is a strong need to support investments in data infrastructure and improvements in system governance across all analysed countries. Digital solutions could enhance the efficiency of the process by limiting the potential trade-off between the timeliness (and accuracy) of reporting cost data and the feasibility constraints.

Indexed as

Central and eastern europeHospitalHospital’s costsPricingTariffication

Identifiers

PMID41588265
PMCPMC12918041

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.