Evidence mapPaperPMID 41588377Full record

SynthesisBMC cancer2026

Increased incidence of diabetes mellitus in hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zahra Moradi, Samaneh Toutounchian, Anahita Akhiani, Hannaneh Razaghi, Mohammad Ali Mamdooh, Parmida Bagheri, Maryam Barkhordar, Zahra Salehi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zahra Moradi *School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Samaneh Toutounchian *School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Anahita AkhianiFaculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Hannaneh RazaghiSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Ali MamdoohSchool of Medicine, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Parmida BagheriDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam BarkhordarHematologic Malignancies Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra SalehiCell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. zahra.salehi6463@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-2729

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe aimed to systematically review the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with preexisting hematological malignancy (HM) and investigate the risk factors contributing to DM incidence.

methodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar according to PRISMA guidelines. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of between-study variance and the Hartung–Knapp adjustment for confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test, τ², I², and 95% prediction intervals, with I² values above 50% indicating substantial variability. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses based on relevant risk factors. Publication bias and small-study effects were evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test, and influence diagnostics were performed through leave-one-out analyses.

resultsA total of 37 studies were included in this study. An increased pooled risk measure of 2.83 (95% CI: 2.12–3.77) for DM incidence was reported in the HM group compared to the control group. Among reported risk factors, obesity (2.10, 95% CI: 1.10–3.99), receiving total body irradiation (TBI) (2.08, 95% CI: 1.58–6.02), dyslipidemia (2.60, 95% CI: 1.09–6.20), and HLA mismatch (1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.15) demonstrated significant association with a higher incidence of DM among HM patients. However, no significant association was observed between DM incidence and risk factors including sex, hypertension (HTN), type of donor in bone marrow transplant, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), positive DM family history, and anthracycline usage.

conclusionThe meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that DM incidence is significantly higher in HM patients, which requires early prevention and effective intervention for this population. Yet, more prospective studies with high sample sizes and follow-up duration are recommended.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusHematologic NeoplasmsHumansIncidenceRisk FactorsDiabetes mellitusHematological malignancyMeta-analysisRisk factorSurvival

Identifiers

PMID41588377
PMCPMC12924594

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.