Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588448›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2026

The effect of smombie and phubbing levels on psychological well-being in adolescents.

Ramazan Inci, Mehmet Sağlam, Sevgi Köroğlu, Tuğba Oluç, Nursel Gül, Metin Yıldız

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ramazan InciFaculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-4574
Mehmet SağlamDepartment of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-4472
Sevgi KöroğluFaculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-9216
Tuğba OluçFaculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-1203
Nursel GülFaculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8685-8174
Metin YıldızFaculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. metinyildiz@sakarya.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-5677

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study was conducted to examine the effect of smombie (attention distraction and alienation from the environment due to smartphone use) and phubbing (ignoring others by being preoccupied with one's phone during face-to-face interactions) levels on adolescents' psychological well-being.

methodThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 626 adolescents living in Turkey between June-September 2025. Data was collected via an online survey administered through Google Forms. The data collection tools used were the Smombie Scale for Adolescents, the General Phubbing Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. R programming language 4.1.3, G*Power 3.1, and SPSS-22 programs were used in the analysis of the study.

resultsAccording to hierarchical regression analysis results, smombie level explained 15.7% of the variance in psychological well-being (R

conclusionThis study demonstrates that smombie and phubbing behaviors in adolescents are negatively associated with psychological well-being. The cross-sectional design of this study limits causal inferences. Therefore, future research should employ a longitudinal design to determine the direction of these relationships and their effects over time.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorAttentionPsychological Well-BeingSmartphoneAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleTurkeyAdolescent mental healthPhubbingPsychological well-beingSmartphone distractionSmartphone zombie behaviorSmombieSocial media ignoring

Identifiers

PMID41588448
PMCPMC12918552

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.