Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41588728›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of health psychology2026

Systematic evaluation of commercially available pain-management mHealth apps for chronic pain in the United Kingdom.

Rebecca P Harding, Jenna L Gillett, Michael Passaportis, Eleanor Miles, Faith Matcham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of health psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rebecca P HardingSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0762-0462
Jenna L GillettDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Michael PassaportisSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.
Eleanor MilesSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.
Faith MatchamSchool of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesSelf-management is central in chronic pain care, and mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) offer scalable tools to support symptom monitoring and management. Although promising, these apps vary in quality, adaptability, and integration of evidence-based behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Many remain unregulated and under-evaluated, leaving their benefits for pain management unclear. We systematically evaluated the quality of commercially available pain management apps in the United Kingdom and examined the prevalence of pain-related BCTs and adaptive features. DESIGN AND

methodsFreely available English-language apps from the 'Health and Fitness' or 'Medical' categories in the Apple® and Google Play® stores were screened and assessed for quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS; 1 = inadequate, 5 = excellent) and coded for BCTs and adaptive features.

resultsTwenty-three apps were included, with a mean MARS score of 3.03 (range = 1.8-4.6). Five scored >4.0, while 39% scored 3.0-3.9, indicating moderate quality. Apps included a mean of 3.3 BCTs, most commonly self-monitoring (87%), instruction (61%), and behaviour-health links (52%). Social support (13%) and goal setting (17%) were rare. An average of 2.3 adaptive mechanisms were identified, with proximal outcomes in all apps and intervention options in 70%, but decision points and tailoring variables were infrequent.

conclusionCommercially available pain apps in the United Kingdom are generally of moderate quality, with limited integration of social, goal-setting, and adaptive features. Greater personalization is needed to strengthen engagement and clinical impact in digital pain self-management.

Indexed as

Chronic PainMobile ApplicationsPain ManagementTelemedicineDigital HealthHumansSelf-ManagementUnited Kingdomadaptivitybehaviour change techniquesmHealthpain appsself‐management

Identifiers

PMID41588728
PMCPMC12835579

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.