Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41589463›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion international2026

Virtual reality in school-based health promotion: a mixed-methods evaluation of adolescent alcohol, vaping, and other drug use prevention.

Chengzi Jiang, Pamela Saleme, Timo Dietrich, James Durl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chengzi JiangDepartment of Tourism and Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.ORCID 0009-0002-6010-0188
Pamela SalemeDepartment of Tourism and Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1944-507X
Timo DietrichDepartment of Tourism and Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
James DurlDepartment of Tourism and Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6243-5670

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

School-based health promotion is a key setting for fostering positive youth health behaviours. Digital and immersive technologies offer promising opportunities to engage young people. This study explores a virtual reality (VR) intervention designed to prevent alcohol, vaping, and cannabis use among secondary school students. The intervention allowed students to navigate realistic, branching scenarios simulating peer pressure and substance use, aiming to enhance refusal strategies, critical thinking, and decision-making skills. A mixed-methods evaluation involving 277 students and nine teachers across four Australian schools was conducted. Postintervention surveys assessed engagement, immersion, emotional responses, and skill development, while focus groups and interviews explored participant experiences. Results indicate that students found the VR experience immersive and valuable, particularly for rehearsing peer resistance and evaluating the consequences of risky behaviours. Teachers viewed the intervention as a powerful tool for prompting reflection and discussion and a strong complement to existing health education curricula. Thematic analysis highlighted the importance of realism and interactivity for student engagement. While some technical and content improvements were identified, both students and teachers considered the VR tool effective for enhancing health literacy and behavioural readiness. This study shows that immersive VR can be a scalable, engaging addition to school-based health promotion, improving prevention skills and confidence in managing substance-related situations. As adolescent health behaviours are increasingly shaped by digital environments, immersive interventions such as VR offer a promising avenue for skill building and reflection. Further research should assess long-term impacts, with greater attention to implementation and equity considerations.

Indexed as

Health PromotionSchool Health ServicesSubstance-Related DisordersUnderage DrinkingVirtual RealityAdolescentAdolescent BehaviorAustraliaFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleStudentsalcohol and other drugse-cigaretteshealth behaviourschool-basedsubstance preventionvapingvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41589463
PMCPMC12835819

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.