Evidence mapPaperPMID 41590318Full record

ReviewBiosensors2026

Smart Biosensing Nanomaterials for Alzheimer's Disease: Advances in Design and Drug Delivery Strategies to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Manickam Rajkumar, Furong Tian, Bilal Javed, Bhupendra G Prajapati, Paramasivam Deepak, Koyeli Girigoswami, Natchimuthu Karmegam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Manickam RajkumarDepartment of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID 0000-0002-4352-6630
Furong TianSchool of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-4953-1131
Bilal JavedSchool of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-9566-1498
Bhupendra G PrajapatiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.ORCID 0000-0001-8242-4541
Paramasivam DeepakDepartment of Life Sciences, School of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Kristu Jayanti University, Bengaluru 560077, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0801-0441
Koyeli GirigoswamiCenter for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1554-5241
Natchimuthu KarmegamPG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7955-3593

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by persistent memory impairment and complex molecular and cellular pathological changes in the brain. Current treatments, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only help with symptoms for a short time and do not stop the disease from getting worse. This is mainly because these drugs do not reach the brain well and are quickly removed from the body. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of most drugs into the central nervous system; therefore, new methods of drug delivery are needed. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NTDDS) are widely studied as a potential approach to address existing therapeutic limitations. Smart biosensing nanoparticles composed of polymers, lipids, and metals can be engineered to enhance drug stability, improve drug availability, and target specific brain regions. These smart nanoparticles can cross the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis and other transport routes, making them a promising option for treating AD. Additionally, multifunctional nanocarriers enable controlled drug release and offer theranostic capabilities, supporting real-time tracking of AD treatment responses to facilitate more precise and personalized interventions. Despite these advantages, challenges related to long-term safety, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory approval remain. This review discusses current AD therapies, drug-delivery strategies, recent advances in nanoparticle platforms, and prospects for translating nanomedicine into effective, disease-modifying treatments for AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiosensing TechniquesBlood-Brain BarrierDrug Delivery SystemsNanostructuresAnimalsHumansNanoparticlesAlzheimer’s diseaseblood–brain barrierdrug delivery systemnanomaterials

Identifiers

PMID41590318
PMCPMC12838666

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.