Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41590732›Full record

ArticleMarine drugs2026

Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Dual Cholinesterase Inhibition by Marine Phytohormones.

Kumju Youn, Legie Mae Soriano, Mira Jun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Marine drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kumju YounDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3124-2665
Legie Mae SorianoDepartment of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0008-4195-9230
Mira JunDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.

Funding

Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Busan Metropolitan City 2025-RISE-02-003Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea RS-2025-25440216Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Korea RS-2023-00253188
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholinergic dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), driven by elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity that depletes acetylcholine and contributes to amyloid pathology. Current AD treatments face major challenges, including poor brain penetration, short effect duration and safety concerns, highlighting the need for compounds suitable for preventive or earlier-stage intervention. This study investigated marine phytohormones as modulators of cholinergic imbalance, using an integrative strategy encompassing enzymatic assays, QSAR and DFT calculations, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and ADMET profiling. Among them, isopentenyl adenine (IPA) and abscisic acid (ABA) showed inhibitory activity against cholinesterases. IPA inhibited both AChE and BChE through distinct mechanisms with noncompetitive inhibition of AChE and competitive inhibition of BChE, while ABA showed selective noncompetitive inhibition of AChE. DFT-based analysis revealed distinct electronic properties supporting differential reactivity. Moreover, IPA interacted with both catalytic and peripheral residues in AChE, and aligned with BChE's active site, while ABA was bound more peripherally. MD simulations confirmed complex-specific conformational stability based on RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding analysis. Both compounds showed low off-target potential against serine proteases and favorable predicted ADMET profiles. These results support the potential of marine phytohormones as preventive modulators of cholinergic dysfunction in AD.

Indexed as

Abscisic AcidAquatic OrganismsCholinesterase InhibitorsPlant Growth RegulatorsAcetylcholinesteraseAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsButyrylcholinesteraseHumansMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipAbscisic AcidAcetylcholinesteraseButyrylcholinesteraseCholinesterase InhibitorsPlant Growth RegulatorsAlzheimer’s diseasecholinesterase inhibitorsdensity functional theoryenzyme kineticsmarine phytohormonesmolecular dockingmolecular dynamic simulation

Identifiers

PMID41590732
PMCPMC12842749

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.