ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2026
Metabolic syndrome and immune-related adverse events.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Immune-Related Liver Injury Following Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination Therapy.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYears into the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) era, immune-related adverse events (irAE) remain largely unpredictable. Prior studies have examined irAE associations with weight and metabolic diseases, yielding mixed findings. We therefore analyzed these and other variables potentially associated with heightened inflammation and irAE development.
methodsFor ICI-treated individuals enrolled in a prospective institutional clinical and biospecimen registry, we collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and residence data, pre-ICI serum cytokine levels, and irAE details. We calculated metabolic syndrome (MetS) and area deprivation index (ADI, a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status), both of which have been associated with heightened inflammation. Patients were categorized as having MetS if they had ≥ 3 of 5 criteria at ICI initiation: hypertension, obesity, elevated HbA1c, low HDL, elevated triglycerides. Baseline serum cytokine/chemokine levels were determined using a multiplex platform. We analyzed associations across variables using logistic regression, Mann-Whitney U, and Cochran Armitage tests, accounting for multiple comparisons.
resultsOverall, 178 ICI-treated patients were included in the analysis, of whom 99 (56%) were classified as having MetS. In multivariable analysis, patients with MetS had greater odds of both grade ≥ 2 irAE (OR 2.82; 95% CI, 1.35-6.14; P = 0.007) and grade ≥ 3 irAE (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.27-11.68; P = 0.02). However, MetS was not associated with pre-treatment cytokine levels. In contrast, ADI was associated with multiple inflammatory cytokines but not with MetS or irAE.
conclusionsMetS is associated with increased likelihood of moderate and severe irAE. The mechanism and mitigation of this risk merit further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.