Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593347›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

High prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. and apparent trypanocidal drugs inefficacy in cattle in Al Radom National Park, Sudan.

Khalid M Mohammedsalih, Maowia M Mukhtar, Abdoelnaim I Y Ibrahim, Ibrahim M I Mohammedain, Fathel-Rahman Juma, Abdelrahim A Ali, Elwaleed M Elamin, Ahmed Bashar, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Jürgen Krücken

Abstract read
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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Khalid M MohammedsalihInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Maowia M MukhtarBioscience Research Institute, Khartoum, 11463, Sudan.
Abdoelnaim I Y IbrahimFaculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Mousseh District, Nyala, 63311, Sudan.
Ibrahim M I MohammedainFaculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Mousseh District, Nyala, 63311, Sudan.
Fathel-Rahman JumaCentral Research Laboratory of Darfur Universities, Mousseh District, Nyala, 63311, Sudan.
Abdelrahim A AliFaculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Mousseh District, Nyala, 63311, Sudan.
Elwaleed M ElaminBioscience Research Institute, Khartoum, 11463, Sudan.
Ahmed BasharFaculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Mousseh District, Nyala, 63311, Sudan.
Georg von Samson-HimmelstjernaInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Jürgen KrückenInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany. juergen.kruecken@fu-berlin.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trypanosomosis is a major infectious disease affecting cattle in Sudan. In South Darfur, data on cattle trypanosomosis has been limited since the Darfur civil war (2003-2007). This study assessed the prevalence and distribution of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle in the tsetse fly endemic Al Radom National Park, and collected questionnaire data on trypanocide use and apparent efficacy. Blood from 509 cattle across four regions was analysed. Of these, 3.1%, 19.8% and 35.8% tested positive for trypanosomes by microscopy, buffy coat technique and PCR, respectively. At the regional level, prevalence was 50.0%, 42.9%, 27.3% and 22.9% in Al Radom Livestock Market, Kafindibei, Al Radom town and Murayrayah, respectively. Trypanosoma congolense savannah (15.7%), Trypanosoma vivax (9.6%), Trypanosoma brucei (0.8%) and Trypanosoma theileri (13.4%) were identified. Prevalence was significantly correlated with region and age (P < 0.05). Older cattle showed significantly higher prevalence (44.7%) than 1-3 years old (29.7%) and < 1 year old cattle (22.7%). Most cattle (86.8%) had received trypanocides within 30 days before sample collection, mainly diminazene aceturate, either alone or combined with isometamidium chloride and/or quinapyramine. Despite treatment, 30.7% were Trypanosoma-positive by PCR. In conclusion, trypanosomes are prevalent in Al Radom National Park, even in treated cattle, indicating apparent drug inefficacy, which requires further research and control measures.

Indexed as

Cattle DiseasesTrypanocidal AgentsTrypanosomaTrypanosomiasisTrypanosomiasis, AfricanTrypanosomiasis, BovineAnimalsCattleDiminazeneParks, RecreationalPhenanthridinesPrevalenceSudanTrypanosoma congolenseTrypanosoma vivaxDiminazenediminazene aceturateisometamidium chloridePhenanthridinesTrypanocidal AgentsAl Radom National ParkCattleSudanTrypanocidal drugsTrypanosomosis

Identifiers

PMID41593347
PMCPMC12847771

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.