Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41593464›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research2026

Identification of two immunodominant and neutralizing linear B-cell epitopes exposed on the surface of the porcine deltacoronavirus spike protein.

Xi Li, Huan Ye, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Yongning Zhang, Hanchun Yang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xi LiState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Huan YeState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Xinna GeState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Lei ZhouState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Xin GuoState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Jun HanState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Yongning ZhangState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
Hanchun YangState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. yanghanchun1@cau.edu.cn.

Funding

Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System CARS-35National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFD1801103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic virus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs, particularly suckling piglets, and exhibits cross-species transmission with zoonotic potential. The S1 subunit of the viral spike (S) protein mediates cell entry and elicits neutralizing antibodies, making it an ideal target for diagnostics, prophylaxis, and therapeutics. Here, we produced two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), B8F10 and G10C2, by immunizing BALB/c mice with a recombinant PDCoV S1 protein fused to a human IgG Fc fragment, expressed in an insect baculovirus system and purified using Protein A/G magnetic beads. Both mAbs can specifically recognize native PDCoV S protein in indirect immunofluorescence assays and western blot analyses under denaturing conditions, indicating their binding to linear epitopes. Isotyping classified both as IgG1/κ, and sequence analysis revealed distinct heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) but identical light-chain CDRs. Using truncated S1 proteins coupled with Pepscan ELISA, the B8F10 and G10C2 epitopes were precisely mapped to

Indexed as

Coronavirus InfectionsDeltacoronavirusEpitopes, B-LymphocyteImmunodominant EpitopesSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusSwine DiseasesAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSwineAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralEpitopes, B-LymphocyteImmunodominant EpitopesSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusB-cell epitopesmonoclonal antibodies (mAbs)neutralizing antibodiesPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)spike (S) protein

Identifiers

PMID41593464
PMCPMC12918246

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.