ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Tanshinone IIA&Icaritin -MPs regulated vascular normalization and restored tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte function to boost anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma lung metastasis.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPD-1 inhibitors are a promising treatment for melanoma, but over 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma do not respond well. This limited efficacy is partly due to the aberrant vascular structure and immunosuppressive microenvironment in metastatic lung tissue.
methodsWe developed an extracellular vesicle-based delivery system Tanshinone IIA & Icaritin -MPs (TSA&ICT-MPs) that targets lung metastases. In vivo in vitro models, cell experiments, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry flow cytometry were used to validate the efficacy of TSA&ICT-MPs in promoting vascular normalization, enhancing the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and reducing myeloid-derived inhibitory cell (MDSC) infiltration by modulating the adenosine metabolic pathway.
resultsTSA&ICT-MP contributes to vascular normalization by modulating ELTD1, thereby enhancing TIL infiltration, and reduces adenosine release by targeting ENPP1, thus enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Combining TSA&ICT-MP with α-PD-1 achieved a 70.33% suppression rate of lung metastasis and prolonged survival in murine models. This approach offers a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of melanoma immunotherapy.
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