ReviewBiomolecules2026
Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Current Therapeutic Strategies and Future Prospects.
Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Research advances in connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension with an emphasis on the Chinese population.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) is a severe form of pulmonary hypertension with poor prognosis. It most commonly arises in systemic sclerosis (SSc), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, endothelial injury, vascular remodeling, and fibrosis. Although vasodilators targeting the endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin pathways remain the therapeutic backbone, newer agents-including the activin signal inhibitor sotatercept and inhaled treprostinil-have expanded treatment options. Immune-targeted therapies such as glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and IL-6 receptor inhibitors may benefit inflammation-dominant PAH phenotypes, while fibrotic phenotypes continue to demonstrate limited responsiveness. In addition to brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal (NT)-proBNP and disease-specific autoantibodies, emerging biomarkers show promise for early detection, risk stratification, and personalized treatment, though validation in CTD-PAH is lacking. Advances in animal models replicating immune-mediated vascular injury and fibrosis have further improved mechanistic understanding. Despite these developments, substantial unmet needs remain, including the absence of disease-specific therapeutic strategies, limited biomarker integration into clinical practice, and a scarcity of large, well-designed trials targeting individual CTD subtypes. Addressing these gaps will be essential for improving prognosis in patients with CTD-PAH.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.