Evidence mapPaperPMID 41594709Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2026

Lactate Metabolism in the Intervertebral Disc: Mechanistic Insights and Pathological Implications.

Ting Zhang, Peng Feng, Peter G Alexander, Joon Y Lee, Gwendolyn A Sowa, Nam V Vo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ting ZhangDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-2395-2042
Peng FengDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-3516-5414
Peter G AlexanderDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Joon Y LeeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Gwendolyn A SowaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Nam V VoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1265-8921

Funding

NIH HHS 1R01AR081234-22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular structure in the human body, and its nucleus pulposus (NP) cells predominantly generate large amounts of lactate through glycolysis, accompanied by an acidic microenvironment-features that represent characteristic metabolic traits of disc cells. In recent years, knowledge of the biological roles of lactate has undergone a conceptual shift. On the one hand, lactate can serve as a context-dependent auxiliary biofuel in specific regions of the IVD, particularly within annulus fibrosus (AF) regions adjacent to the NP. On the other hand, lactate functions in disc cells as a signaling molecule and a metabolic-epigenetic regulator, influencing transcriptional programs through lactylation and modulating multiple molecular pathways associated with cellular stress adaptation and fate determination. This review summarizes current knowledge on lactate production, transport, and clearance in the intervertebral disc, as well as emerging evidence for the roles of lactate in disc health and pathophysiology. In addition, we outline research perspectives and future directions aimed at advancing our understanding of lactate biology and evaluating its potential as a therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration.

Indexed as

Intervertebral DiscIntervertebral Disc DegenerationLactic AcidAnimalsEpigenesis, GeneticHumansNucleus PulposusLactic Acidepigenetics regulationhistone lactylationintervertebral disc degenerationlactate metabolismmetabolic symbiosis

Identifiers

PMID41594709
PMCPMC12838542

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.