Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595174›Full record

ReviewCancers2026

Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Ana K Flores-Islas, Cecilia Rico-Fuentes, Erick Sierra-Díaz, Mariel García-Chagollán, Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez, José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño, José M Moreno-Ortiz, Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ana K Flores-IslasInstituto de Investigación en Cáncer e Infecciones, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0009-0008-6365-8367
Cecilia Rico-FuentesInstituto de Investigación en Cáncer e Infecciones, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-4377-401X
Erick Sierra-DíazUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Divisón de Epidemiología, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Mariel García-ChagollánInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Ana Laura Pereira-SuárezInstituto de Investigación en Cáncer e Infecciones, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
José Sergio Zepeda-NuñoCentro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-1804-6061
José M Moreno-OrtizInstituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera", Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genomica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-7555-9851
Adrián Ramírez-de-ArellanoInstituto de Investigación en Cáncer e Infecciones, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6743-1054

Funding

COECyTJAL Fondo de Desarrollo Científico de Jalisco (FODECIJAL) para Atender Retos Sociales, Folio 11918
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the second most common cancer among men. Treatment options depend on factors like age, androgen sensitivity, PSA levels, Gleason score, TNM stage, and recurrence risk. Available treatments include hormonal therapy, radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. Early immunological treatments were limited by poor lymphocyte infiltration and an immunosuppressive environment. Today, strategies such as dendritic cell vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) are used. ACT, especially CAR T-cell strategies, aims to overcome traditional treatment limitations, particularly in advanced and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), though it remains in early development. Personalized medicine uses molecular insights from the diseased tissue to tailor treatments. Variability in patient response, due to tumor heterogeneity and prior treatments, highlights the importance of personalized and combination therapies as future strategies for effective immunotherapy. This review explores the current landscape of PCa. We analyze treatment guidelines established by NCCN and EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG. We comprehensively examine immunotherapeutic strategies currently available or under investigation for prostate cancer, with particular emphasis on ICIs, ACT with a focus on CAR T-cell therapy, combination approaches and therapeutic synergies, and predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in the implementation of immunotherapy for the management of prostate cancer.

Indexed as

adoptive cell therapyCAR T-cell therapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapypersonalized medicineprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID41595174
PMCPMC12839406

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.