Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41595212›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Conversational AI-Enabled Precision Oncology Reveals Context-Dependent MAPK Pathway Alterations in Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic White Colorectal Cancer Stratified by Age and FOLFOX Exposure.

Fernando C Diaz, Brigette Waldrup, Francisco G Carranza, Sophia Manjarrez, Enrique Velazquez-Villarreal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fernando C DiazLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2602-1526
Brigette WaldrupDepartment of Integrative Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-5991-9779
Francisco G CarranzaDepartment of Integrative Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1789-4197
Sophia ManjarrezDepartment of Integrative Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-0607-1784
Enrique Velazquez-VillarrealDepartment of Integrative Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3603-6414

Funding

Transgenic Mouse FacilityP30CA033572 · NCI · CITY OF HOPE/BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI John Charles Williams · 1985 to 2026
$86.3M
USC PE-GCS: Optimizing Engagement of Hispanic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Cancer Genomic Characterization StudiesU2CCA252971 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JOHN D. CARPTEN, HEINZ JOSEF LENZ · 2021 to 2026
$19.3M
Project 2U54CA285116 · NCI · BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE/CITY OF HOPE · PI ERNEST MARTINEZ, Victoria L. Seewaldt · 2023 to 2026
$6.8M
Research EducationU54CA285114 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI ERNEST MARTINEZ · 2023 to 2026
$6.2M
NCI NIH HHS P30CA033572NCI NIH HHS U2CCA252971NCI NIH HHS U54 CA285114NCI NIH HHS U54 CA285116NCI NIH HHS U54CA285116
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) demonstrates substantial clinical and biological diversity across age groups, ancestral backgrounds, and treatment settings, alongside a rising incidence of early-onset disease (EOCRC). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major driver of CRC development and therapy response; however, the distribution and prognostic value of MAPK alterations across distinct patient subgroups remain unclear.

methodsWe analyzed 2515 CRC tumors with harmonized demographic, clinical, genomic, and treatment metadata. Patients were stratified by ancestry (Hispanic/Latino [H/L] vs. non-Hispanic White [NHW]), age at diagnosis (early-onset [EO] vs. late-onset [LO]), and FOLFOX chemotherapy exposure. MAPK pathway alterations were identified using a curated gene set encompassing canonical EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling components and regulatory nodes. Conversational artificial intelligence (AI-HOPE and AI-HOPE-MAPK) enabled natural language-driven cohort construction and exploratory analytics; findings were validated using Fisher's exact testing, chi-square analyses, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates.

resultsMAPK pathway disruption demonstrated marked heterogeneity across ancestry and treatment contexts. Among EO H/L patients,

conclusionsAlthough MAPK alterations are pervasive in CRC, their distribution varies meaningfully by ancestry, age, and treatment exposure. These findings highlight

Indexed as

AI-agentsartificial intelligencecancer disparitiescancer geneticscolorectal cancerconversational AIearly-onset colorectal cancerFOLFOX chemotherapyMAPK signaling pathwayprecision oncology

Identifiers

PMID41595212
PMCPMC12839066

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.