Evidence mapPaperPMID 41595575Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

A Narrative Review on Nitrate-Rich Diets as Adjuncts to Antihypertensive Therapy: Enhancing Treatment Efficacy via Oxidative Stress Modulation.

Mila Silva-Cunha, Carla Speroni Ceron, Heitor Moreno, José Eduardo Tanus-Santos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mila Silva-CunhaDepartment of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4291-5180
Carla Speroni CeronDepartment of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-136, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8882-5792
Heitor MorenoDepartment of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-894, Brazil.
José Eduardo Tanus-SantosDepartment of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-9945-9633

Funding

CAPES Finance Code 001CNPq 406442/2022-3, 302076/2022-0, 303715/2020-0FAPEMIG APQ-00946-23FAPESP 2023-07565-5
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial cardiovascular condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. While pharmacological treatment is primarily directed toward blood pressure reduction, accumulating evidence indicates that several antihypertensive drug classes also confer antioxidant and vasculoprotective benefits. Concurrently, dietary intake of inorganic nitrate and nitrite has gained attention as an adjunctive approach to restore NO signaling and redox homeostasis. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the antioxidant effects of major antihypertensive drug classes and examines the contribution of nitrate- and nitrite-rich diets to the modulation of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in AH. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) databases was performed for studies published between August and December 2025. Experimental and clinical investigations assessing oxidative stress markers, endothelial function, or NO-related outcomes in AH were selected following title and abstract screening and full-text evaluation. Available data indicate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, diuretics, β-blockers, and calcium channel blockers mitigate oxidative stress via mechanisms including NADPH oxidase suppression, decreased reactive oxygen species production, reinforcement of endogenous antioxidant systems, and restoration of endothelial NO bioavailability. Moreover, dietary nitrate and nitrite support vascular function through activation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Combining nitrate- and antioxidant-rich dietary strategies with antihypertensive agents that lack inherent redox-modulating activity may enhance blood pressure control and lower cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, well-designed long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate class-specific interactions and underlying redox mechanisms.

Indexed as

antioxidant-rich dietendothelial dysfunctionnitric oxide signalingredox homeostasis

Identifiers

PMID41595575
PMCPMC12839236

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.