Evidence mapPaperPMID 41595652Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2026

Biomarkers and Breakdowns: Neuroinflammatory Drivers Linking Sleep Disorders and Chronic Pain.

Bento Alves, Isaura Tavares, Daniel Humberto Pozza

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Bento AlvesUnit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Isaura TavaresUnit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5696-1239
Daniel Humberto PozzaUnit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-2119-4479

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic pain and sleep disturbances are frequently associated and profoundly affect the quality of life, creating intertwined physical, emotional, and social challenges. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological influences underlying this bidirectional relationship. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), neurodegenerative markers (tau, β-amyloid 42), metabolic hormones, and fasting glucose have been consistently associated with both objective and subjective sleep impairments in chronic pain conditions. Pharmacological agents such as melatonin and opioids exhibit heterogeneous effects on neurophysiological pathways, reflecting differences in mechanisms of action and their modulation of biological processes. Rather than offering therapeutic recommendations, this review aims to clarify how these mediators and drugs shape the complex interplay between pain and sleep. Overall, the evidence suggests that persistent dysregulation of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic pathways may drive the reciprocal and detrimental interaction between chronic pain and sleep disturbances, highlighting opportunities for targeted research and integrated clinical strategies.

Indexed as

bidirectional communicationchronic paincytokinesinflammation mediatorsmelatoninmetabolic diseasesneurodegenerative diseasesopioid analgesicspharmacological phenomenasleep–wake disorders

Identifiers

PMID41595652
PMCPMC12838363

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.