Evidence mapPaperPMID 41596115Full record

ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Dietary Supplements in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Evidence, Safety Challenges and a Precision Nutrition Framework (GAPSS).

Jibing Chen, Mingyu Duan, Zhiting Zhu, Rui Su, Jie Cai

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jibing ChenSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3453-2112
Mingyu DuanSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
Zhiting ZhuSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
Rui SuSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
Jie CaiSchool of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3065-6185

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Maternal undernutrition remains a major modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Dietary supplements are widely used to bridge nutritional gaps, but their efficacy, safety, and quality control remain controversial. This review critically evaluates the mechanisms, clinical evidence, and quality assurance of key supplements (folic acid, iron, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, omega-3 PUFA, choline, and multiple micronutrients) specifically in pregnant and postpartum women. We highlight that while folic acid (400-800 µg/d) and iron supplementation reduce neural tube defects by >70% and maternal anaemia by 30-50%, respectively, high-dose antioxidant cocktails (vitamins C + E) have shown no benefit and potential harm in large RCTs. Up to 18-40% of commercially available prenatal supplements contain undeclared pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, or incorrect dosages, underscoring the urgent need for advanced analytical methods (LC-MS/MS, HRMS, NMR). We propose the GAPSS (Genotype-Analytics-Physiology-Safety-Sustainability) framework for future personalised maternal nutrition. Rigorous, pregnancy-specific quality control combined with biomarker-guided supplementation is essential to maximise benefits and minimise risks.

Indexed as

maternal healthmicronutrientsprenatal supplementsquality controlsafety

Identifiers

PMID41596115
PMCPMC12837629

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.