Evidence mapPaperPMID 41596392Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Efavirenz Interacts with Hormones Involved in Appetite and Satiety, Affecting Body Weight in Mice.

Sandra Angélica Rojas-Osornio, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Minerva Crespo-Ramírez, Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes, Antonio Mata-Marín, José Molina-López, Miguel Pérez de la Mora, Dasiel Borroto-Escuela, Ricardo Martínez-Lara, Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Efavirenz-Altered Gut-Microbiota,International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sandra Angélica Rojas-OsornioDepartamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Academia de Bioquímica Médica II, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-1525-8496
Leticia Manuel-ApolinarUnidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Minerva Crespo-RamírezDivision de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6988-791X
Vladimir Paredes-CervantesLaboratorio Central, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-5327-1643
Antonio Mata-MarínDepartamento de Infectología, Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-3701-9894
José Molina-LópezUnidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8155-2680
Miguel Pérez de la MoraDivision de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-1520-4439
Dasiel Borroto-EscuelaReceptomics & Brain Disorders Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5736-373X
Ricardo Martínez-LaraUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Inmunología e Infectología, del Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico.ORCID 0009-0008-0346-1327
Emiliano Tesoro-CruzUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Inmunología e Infectología, del Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8877-8439

Funding

DGAPA. Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, IN210024 to MPMInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social FIS/IMSS/R-2021-785-057 to ETC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antiretroviral drugs are associated with increased body weight and metabolic disorders. Fat gain and insulin resistance are commonly associated with abdominal obesity in people with HIV (PWH). There is currently an open ongoing discussion about how antiretroviral therapy affects body weight and its significance in hunger-satiety circuit alteration. Until now, the impact of the drug on this circuit has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the hormones involved in appetite and satiety regulation in the serum and hypothalamus after efavirenz (EFV) administration in mice. EFV (10 mg/kg) and distilled water (1.5 μL/kg) (control group) were orally administered for 36 days to CD1 mice. Body weight and food intake were determined throughout treatment. At the end of the treatment, the metabolic profile (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol) was assessed, and leptin, soluble receptor of leptin (sOB-R), and ghrelin were measured in serum; moreover, we evaluated the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPYR1), and leptin in the hypothalamus, and a sucrose preference test (SPT) was conducted. Outcomes showed an increase in serum ghrelin and the expression of GHS-R1a and NPYR1 receptors in the hypothalamus, coinciding with an increase in appetite and preference for sucrose in mice in the EFV group. Furthermore, serum leptin, sOB-R, and the free leptin index (FLI) showed that hunger is not related to a lack of satiety. Despite increased food intake, a reduction in body weight was observed, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels were increased. According to our findings, mice treated with EFV showed a decrease in body weight, despite increased food intake resulting from appetite stimulation, which is caused by specific compounds, hormones, and neural signals acting on the brain's hunger centres, primarily in the hypothalamus, promoting eating behaviours. However, further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms of EFV's effects on energy expenditure.

Indexed as

AppetiteBenzoxazinesBody WeightHormonesSatiationAlkynesAnimalsCyclopropanesEatingGhrelinHypothalamusLeptinMaleMiceAlkynesBenzoxazinesCyclopropanesefavirenzGhrelinHormonesLeptinappetiteefavirenzghrelinleptinweight loss

Identifiers

PMID41596392
PMCPMC12841371

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.