Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41596556›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.

Mouldy Sioud, Nicholas Paul Casey

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mouldy SioudDivision of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rdiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
Nicholas Paul CaseyDivision of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rdiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6706-8710

Funding

The Norwegian Cancer Society 297210
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a transformative form of immunotherapy, enabling the precise engineering of T cells to recognize and eliminate pathogenic cells. In hematologic malignancies, CAR-T cells targeting CD19 or B cell maturation antigens have achieved remarkable remission rates and durable responses in patients with otherwise refractory disease. Despite these successes, extending CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors remains challenging due to antigen heterogeneity, poor T cell infiltration, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Beyond oncology, CAR-T cell therapy has also shown promise in autoimmune diseases, where early clinical studies suggest that B cell-directed CAR-T cells can induce sustained remission in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus. This review highlights advances in CAR-T cell engineering, including DNA- and mRNA-based platforms for ex vivo and in vivo programming, and discusses emerging strategies to enhance CAR-T cell trafficking, persistence, and resistance to TME.

Indexed as

Immunotherapy, AdoptiveReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesAnimalsHumansNeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentReceptors, Chimeric Antigenautoimmunitycancerchimeric antigen receptorlipid nanoparticlesmessenger RNAT cell therapytumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41596556
PMCPMC12841095

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.