Evidence mapPaperPMID 41596641Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Metabolomics for Preclinical Detection of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Michael Garoufis, Sissy Foteini Sakkou, Christina E Kostara, Eleni Bairaktari, Vasilios Tsimihodimos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Michael GaroufisLaboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Sissy Foteini SakkouDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Christina E KostaraLaboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7045-1323
Eleni BairaktariLaboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Vasilios TsimihodimosDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1708-3415

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects up to 40% of individuals with diabetes and remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Current biomarkers, such as albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, detect disease only after substantial kidney injury, limiting early intervention. Metabolomics offers unique potential to identify early biochemical changes preceding the clinical onset of DKD. This review synthesizes evidence from animal and human studies in diabetes without overt kidney disease, highlighting early perturbations in energy metabolism (TCA cycle, beta-oxidation, glycolysis) as well as alterations in amino acid, nucleotide and urea cycle pathways associated with future DKD risk. We discuss methodological considerations, translational relevance, and current research gaps and outline strategies for integrating metabolomics into predictive diagnostics. Early, non-invasive metabolic biomarkers may enable more precise risk stratification and timely intervention to improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetic NephropathiesMetabolomicsAnimalsBiomarkersEnergy MetabolismHumansBiomarkersdiabetes mellitusdiabetic kidney diseasemetabolomicspredictive biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID41596641
PMCPMC12842068

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.