ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Complement Activation as a Predictor of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Spine Surgery Patients.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum C1q as a Novel Predictive Biomarker for Postoperative Delirium After Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle signalling in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and serious complication among elderly surgical patients. Despite its clinical relevance, reliable biomarkers for early identification and pathophysiological insight remain limited. Recent evidence implicates systemic immune activation and complements dysregulation as contributors to cognitive decline after surgery. This study investigated the association between perioperative levels of selected complement pathway proteins and both the incidence and severity of POD. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of 22 patients aged ≥ 60 years from the prospective CONFESS cohort undergoing elective spine surgery. Complement proteins (C1q, C2, C4), mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Factor D [FD], Factor B [FB], Factor I [FI] were quantified from blood samples collected at baseline, preoperatively, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. POD was assessed using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Delirium severity was rated with the Confusion Assessment Method-Severity (CAM-S) scale. Associations were tested using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Preoperative levels of FD and C2 were significantly elevated in patients who developed POD (FD:
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