ArticleCells2026
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization: Comparison of Matrix-Bound and Small Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Matrix Bound Nanovesicles Modulatory Effect of Inflammation In Vitro in THP-1 Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Surface N-Glycosylation Dictates MSC-EV Uptake and CCR2-Driven Monocyte Recruitment to Inflamed Endothelium Under Shear Flow.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Defining characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell-derived matrix-bound nanovesicles compared to conditioned culture medium extracellular vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Depending on environmental cues, they polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and immune modulation. This study investigates the effects of matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs) and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro. Both MBVs and sEVs reduced pro-inflammatory activation of M1 macrophages, downregulating the expression of CXCL10 and CD86 while increasing the M2 marker CD206. MBVs exerted a stronger suppressive effect on M1 MDM phenotype markers as well as on STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mRNA levels in M1 macrophages, indicating the inhibition of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway involved in the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Functionally, both vesicle types enhanced phagocytosis of FITC-labeled
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.